DHY 246 - Dental Pharmacology
Description
A study of pharmacology with a special emphasis on the drugs used in dentistry and the effects of drugs on dental treatment.
Credit Hours: 2
Contact Hours: 2
School: School of Health & Exercise Science
Department: Dental Auxiliaries
Discipline: DHY
Major Course Revisions: N/A
Last Revision Date Effective: 20240304T15:31:08
Course Review & Revision Year: 2028-2029
Course Type:
Program Requirement- Offering designed to meet the learning needs of students in a specific GRCC program.
Course Format:
Lecture - 1:1
General Education Requirement: None
General Education Learner Outcomes (GELO):
NA
Course Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain why it is necessary or important for a dental hygienist to study pharmacology.2. Differentiate between a drug’s chemical, generic, and trade or brand names. 3. Describe drug actions, routes of administration, dosage forms, pharmacokinetics, factors that alter drug effects, and how to calculate children’s dosages. 4. Define what is meant by adverse reactions and list the clinical manifestations of adverse effects. 5. Explain the toxicological evaluation of drugs and define the terms therapeutic index, median lethal dose, and lethal dose. 6. Describe the basic parts of a prescription. 7. Describe the effects of the autonomic system drugs with an emphasis on dental or oral effects. 8. Define what a non-opioid analgesic pain reliever is and give examples from the three major types. 9. Describe the pharmacologic effects, adverse effects, and dental uses of non-opioid pain relievers. 10. Define the term opioid analgesic and describe the pharmacologic effects, adverse effects and dental uses. 11. Explain why anti-anxiety agents are used in dentistry and give examples of those drugs that are commonly used to relieve anxiety. 12. Compare and contrast local anesthetics actions and effects to those of general anesthetics. 13. Define the “ideal” local anesthetic. 14. Describe the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacologic effects, and adverse effects of local anesthetics. 15. Describe why vasoconstrictors are used in local anesthetics and what drug interactions are possible with the use of local anesthetics. 16. Describe the use of topical anesthetics. 17. Describe the mechanism of action of general anesthetics and the stages of anesthesia. 18. List the possible adverse effects of general anesthetics. 19. Define the various terms associated with the term anti-infective or anti-microbial agents. 20. List the indications for the use of anti-infective agents. 21. Describe the general adverse reactions associated with anti-infective agents. 22. List specific antibiotics, anti-tuberculosis, and topical antibiotics. 23. List specific anti-fungal and anti-viral agents, as well as the agents used against HIV and AIDS. 24. Explain the pharmacokinetics of fluoride and the toxicity of it’s use. 25. List common oral conditions and their pharmacological treatment. 26. List the common cardiovascular drugs and the conditions that they are used for. 27. Recognize drugs used for respiratory or gastrointestinal conditions. 28. Recognize common psychotherapeutic agents and their uses. 29. Recognize adrenocorticosteriods agents and their uses. 30. List common hormonal agents, their uses and dental implications. 31. List some common antineoplastic agents and their uses. 32. Recognize drugs used in emergency situations in the dental office and list the make up of an emergency drug kit. 33. Explain the drug implications for the pregnant or breastfeeding woman. 34. Recognize drugs that have abuse potential and explain dental office precautions.
Approved for Online Delivery?: No
Course Outline:
I. General Principles of Pharmacology A. Why study pharmacology? B. Drug names 1. chemical 2. generic 3. trade, brand names C. Drug action and handling 1. characterization of drug action 2. routes of administration 3. dosage forms 4. pharmacokinetics 5. factors that alter drug effects 6. calculation of children’s dosage D. Adverse reactions 1. definitions 2. clinical manifestations of adverse effects 3. toxicologic evaluation of drugs E. Prescription writing 1. measurement 2. parts of the prescription II. Drugs Used in Dentistry A. Autonomic drugs 1. review of autonomic nervous system 2. parasympathetic nervous system a. cholinergic agents b. anticholinergic agents 3. sympathetic nervous system a. adrenergic agents b. adrenergic blocking agents B. Non-opioid Analgesics 1. salicylates 2. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents 3. acetaminophen C. Opioid Analgesics 1. terminology and classification 2. pharmacokinetics 3. pharmacologic effects 4. adverse effects 5. dental uses D. Anti-anxiety Agents 1. definitions 2. benzodiazepines 3. barbiturates 4. non-barbiturate sedative-hypnotics E. Local Anesthetics 1. “ideal” local anesthetic 2. mechanism of action 3. pharmacokinetics 4. pharmacologic effects 5. adverse reactions 6. local anesthetic agents 7. the role of vasoconstrictors 8. drug interactions 9. topical anesthetics 10. dosage calculations F. General Anesthetics 1. mechanism of action 2. stages of anesthesia a. conscious sedation 3. adverse reactions 4. classification of general anesthetic agents a. inhalation agents b. I.V. agents 5. ultrashort acting barbiturates G. Anti-infective Agents 1. definitions 2. cultures and sensitivity 3. indications for anti-microbial agents 4. general adverse reactions 5. specific anti-infective agents 6. anti-tuberculosis agents 7. topical antibiotics 8. antibiotic prophylaxis H. Anti-fungal and Anti-viral Agents 1. anti-fungal agents 2. anti-viral agents 3. agents used in HIV and AIDS I. Fluorides 1. definitions 2. classifications 3. pharmacokinetics 4. toxicity 5. systemic fluorides 6. topical fluorides J. Vitamins and Minerals 1. review a. recommended daily allowances b. fat soluble vitamins c. water soluble vitamins 2. drug-induced vitamin deficiencies K. Oral Conditions and Their Treatment 1. actinic lip changes 2. acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 3. herpes infections 4. apthous ulcers 5. candidasis 6. angular chelitis 7. pericoronitis 8. alveolar osteitis 9. xerostomia 10. post-irradiation caries 11. root sensitivity 12. drug-induced oral side effects III. Drugs That Alter Dental Treatment A. Cardiovascular Drugs 1. dental implications for cardiovascular disease 2. Cardiac Glycosides 3. anti-arrthymic agents 4. anti-anginal 5. anti-hypertensive agents 6. anti-hyperlipidemics 7. anti-coagulants B. Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Drugs 1. respiratory drugs 2. gastrointestinal drugs C. Anticonvulsants 1. epilepsy 2. drug therapy for epileptics 3. dental treatment for the epileptic patient D. Psychotherapeutic Agents 1. psychiatric disorders 2. antipsychotic agents 3. antidepressants E. Autacoids and Antihistamines 1. histamine 2. antihistamine agents 3. other autacoids F. Adrenocorticosteroids 1. classifications 2. definitions 3. routes of administration 4. pharmacologic effects 5. adverse reactions 6. uses a. medical b. dental G. Hormones 1. pituitary hormones 2. thyroid hormones 3. pancreatic hormones 4. female sex hormones 5. male sex hormones H. Antineoplastic agents 1. classifications 2. adverse drug effects IV. Special Situations A. Emergency drugs 1. emergency situations 2. emergency kits for the dental office B. Pregnancy and Breast Feeding 1. drug implications for the pregnant woman 2. drug implications during breast feeding C. Drug Interactions 1. mechanism of interactions 2. dental drug interactions D. Herbal products 1. definitions 2. regulation 3. Safety 4. Products used in oral care E. Bisphosphonates 1. what they are 2. how they work 3. ONJ 4. impact on dental care
Mandatory CLO Competency Assessment Measures:
None
Name of Industry Recognize Credentials: None
Instructional Strategies:
Lecture 80-90%Discussion 10-30%
Mandatory Course Components:
None
Academic Program Prerequisite: None
Prerequisites/Other Requirements: DHY 139
English Prerequisite(s): None
Math Prerequisite(s): None
Course Corerequisite(s): DHY 249
Course-Specific Placement Test: None
Course Aligned with IRW: N/A
Consent to Enroll in Course: No Department Consent Required
Total Lecture Hours Per Week: 2
Faculty Credential Requirements:
Certification/License Requirement (list below), Master’s Degree (GRCC general requirement), Other (list below), Professionally qualified through work experience in field (Perkins Act or Other) (list below), Program Accreditation Requirement (list below)
Faculty Credential Requirement Details: Must be a Registered Dental Assistant, Registered Dental Hygienist, or Dentist.
DH CODA Standard 3-7 states: The full time faculty of a dental hygiene program must possess a baccalaureate or higher degree. Part-time faculty providing didactic instruction must have earned at least a baccalaureate degree or be currently enrolled in a baccalaureate degree program. All dental hygiene program faculty members must have: a) current knowledge of the specific subjects they are teaching. b) documented background in current educational methodology concepts consistent with teaching assignments. c) Faculty who are dental hygienists must be graduates of dental hygiene programs accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation.
Master’s degree in Education or a related credential is preferred. A minimum of 2 years of related work experience (4,000 hours) is required to satisfy Perkin’s Vocational Act requirements.
General Room Request: None
Maximum Course Enrollment: 32
Equivalent Courses: None
Dual Enrollment Allowed?: No
Advanced Placement (AP) Exam Credit Accepted: None
AP Min. Score: NA
Number of Times Course can be taken for credit: 1
Programs Where This Courses is a Requirement:
Dental Hygiene, A.A.A.S.
People Soft Course ID Number: 102178
Course CIP Code: 51.0601
High School Articulation Agreements exist?: No
If yes, with which high schools?: NA
Non-Credit GRCC Agreement exist?: No
If yes, with which Departments?: NA
Corporate Articulation Agreement exist?: No
If yes, with which Companies?: NA
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