SUR 108 - Surgical Pharmacology

B. Discuss the pre-anesthetic preparation of the patient.

C. Perform calculations utilizing metric equivalents to maximum dosages for patients in the operating room.

D. List the commonly used inhalation and induction anesthetic agents.

E. Use the America Surgical Association system, classify patient risk factors.

F. Classify, and then describe usage of, a variety of drugs used in surgery.

G. Describe the major risks and/or complications for the major forms of anesthesia.

H. Differentiate the different forms of anesthesia.

I. Compare and contrast the various routes of drug administration.

J. Summarize alternative (nontraditional/cultural) forms of anesthesia.
Course Outline:

1. Introduction to Course
   1. Course Syllabus
   2. Course Outcomes
   3. Course Evaluation
   4. Grading Criteria
   5. Research Project
   6. Basic Mathematics
      1. The metric system.
      2. The apothecary system.
2. Student Practice
   1. Metric Conversions
   2. Examining the Various Forms of Drugs
   3. Dispensing
   4. Noting Metric Equivalents
3. Ratio-proportion Technique
4. Medication Order Interpretations (Drug Administration)
5. Drug Regulations
   1. Drug legislation.
   2. Drug standards.
6. Drugs That Affect Coagulation
   1. Drug Classification of Anticoagulants and Hemostatic Agents
      1. Heparin
      2. Bishydroxycoumarin (Dieumarol)
      3. Sodium Warfarin (Coumadin)
      4. Absorbable Gelatin (Gelfoam)
      5. Collegen (Avitene)
      6. Oxidized Cellulost (Oxycel, Surgical)
      7. Thrombin
      8. Bone Wax
7. PreOperative Medications
   1. Drug Classification Regarding CNS Depressants
      1. General Anesthesia
      2. Hyphotics
      3. Sedatives
8. Intraoperative Anesthesia
   1. Drug Classification
      1. Local Anesthetics
      2. Regional Anesthetics
      3. CNS depressants
         1. thiopenthal
         2. methohexital
         3. midazolam
         4. diazepam
         5. larazopam
         6. ketamine
         7. etomidate 
9. Blood & Fluid Replacement
   1. Right of Refusal as it Pertains to Religious Beliefs
   2. Drugs
      1. 0.9 % NaCl
      2. D5W, lactated ringers
      3. Dextran (hemolytic expander)    
      4. Blood Components
10. Student Review of Drug Classifications and Their Actions
11. Hormones
    1. Drug Classification of Steroids
       1. Prednisone
       2. Hydrocortizone
       3. Methylprednisolone
12. Antibiotics
    1. Sulfonamides, Penicillins, Cephalosporins, etc.
    2. Valacyclovir, Acyclovir
    3. Qninolones
13. Diuretics
    1. Drug Classification
       1. Thiazides
       2. Lasix
       3. Mannitol
14. Hormones
    1. Drug Classification of Oxytocics
       1. Oxytocin
       2. Pitressin
15. Anesthetic Complications
    1. Drug Classification of Cardiac Arrest and Arrhythemias
16. Diagnostic Agents
    1. Drug Classification of Dyes and Contrast Media
       1. Contrast Media
       2. Dyes
       3. Stains
17. Ophthalmic Agents
    1. Drug classification of Ophthalmic Drugs
    2. Miotics
    3. Mydriatics and Cycloplegics
    4. Enzymes
    5. Irrigations
    6. Ointments
    7. Anesthetics
18. Student Review and Practice
    1. Identification of Drug Classifications
19. Intraoperative Anesthesia
    1. Induction
    2. Inhalation
    3. Affects on Pain Pathways
20. Drug Administration
    1. Identify Routes of Delivery
       1. Enteral
       2. Parenteral
21. Student Review
    1. Basic Pre-anesthetic Preparation Sequence
    2. Purpose, Rationale, and Techniques of General Anesthesia
    3. Risks and Complications of General Anesthesia
       1. Intubation Risks
22. Patient Classification
    1. ASA System of Patient Classification Regarding Anesthesia Risks
    2. Spinal Anesthesia
       1. Purposes
       2. Rationale
       3. Techniques of Spinal Anesthesia
23. Anesthesia Complications
    1. Risks Related to Anesthesia
24. Purposes, Rationale, Techniques and Risks of Anesthesia
    1. Topical
    2. Local
    3. Regional
25. Local Medication Maximum Dosage Based on Medication
26. Strength/Dilutions

• Alternative Forms of Anesthesia
• Acupuncture
• Electrical stimulators
• Hypnosis

Audio-visual demonstration: 20%

Group Presentation: 10%
Mandatory Course Components:
None
Equivalent Courses:
None