DHY 123 - General and Oral Pathology for Dental Hygiene
Description
General and oral pathology from the dental hygienist’s perspective. Topics include inflammation and repair, immunity, neoplasia, and oral manifestations of systemic diseases. Special emphasis is placed on recognizing the presence of abnormalities.
Credit Hours: 3
Contact Hours: 3
Prerequisites/Other Requirements: BI 121 and BI 122 and DHY 114
English Prerequisite(s): None
Math Prerequisite(s): None
Course Corequisite(s): None
Academic Program Prerequisite: None
Consent to Enroll in Course: No Department Consent Required
Dual Enrollment Allowed?: No
Course Fees: $5.00
Number of Times Course can be taken for credit: 1
Programs Where This Course is a Requirement:
Dental Hygiene, A.A.A.S.
General Education Requirement:
None
General Education Learner Outcomes (GELO):
NA
Course Learning Outcomes:
ht parts of the diagnostic process.
3. Recognize and name the following common variants of normal found within the oral cavity:
a. Fordyce’s granules
b. torus palatinus
c. mandibular tori
d. melanin pigmentation.
e. retrocuspid papilla
f. lingual varicosities
g. linea alba
h. leukoedema
4. Recognize and name the following benign conditions found within the oral cavity:
a. lingual thyroid nodule
b. fissured tongue
c. median rhomboid glossitis
d. geographic tongue
e. hairy tongue
5. Explain the inflammatory process.
6. Differentiate between the signs and symptoms of acute and chronic inflammation.
7. Differentiate between hyperplasia and hypertrophy.
8. Explain the body’s repair process.
9. Recognize physical and chemical injuries to the teeth and soft tissues.
10. Explain the immune response and the role of antigens.
11. List the cells in involved in the immune response.
12. Differentiate between passive and active immunity.
13. Differentiate between types I through IV hypersensitivity reactions.
14. Define what is meant by autoimmune disease.
15. Recognize the following oral diseases with immunologic pathogenesis:
a. Apthous ulcers
b. Urticaria and angioedema
c. Mucositis and dermatitis
d. Fixed drug eruptions
e. Erythema multiform
f. Lichen planus
16. List the signs and symptoms for the following autoimmune diseases that affect the oral cavity:
a. Sjogren’s syndrome
b. Systemic lupus erythematosus
c. Pemphigus vulgaris
d. Cictricial pemphigoid
e. Bechet’s syndrome
17. Recognize the oral manifestations of common bacterial, fungal and viral infections.
18. Recognize the following soft tissue abnormalities:
a. Ankyloglossia
b. Commissural lip pits
c. Lingual thyroid nodule
19. Differentiate between odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts.
20. Explain the role of genetics on oral development and the development of abnormalities.
21. Recognize the signs of the following endocrine disorders as they relate to the oral cavity:
a. Hyperpituitarism
b. Hyperthyroidism
c. Hypothyroidism
d. Hyperparathyroidism
e. Diabetes Mellitus
f. Addison’s disease
22. Recognize the signs of the following diseases of bone as the they relate to the oral cavity:
a. Fibrous dysplasia
b. Paget’s disease
c. Osteomalacia
23. Recognize the signs and symptoms of the following blood disorders as they relate to the oral cavity:
a. Hemophilia
b. Anemia
c. Leukemia
24. Recognize the oral signs and systemic effects of HIV infection.
25. List the common effects of oral cancer therapies and the manifestations of drugs on the oral cavity.
26. List the causes of neoplasia in the oral cavity.
27. Differentiate between signs and symptoms for benign and malignant cancers.
28. Explain how tumors are named and treated.
29. Differentiate between the following types of odontogenic tumors:
a. Epithelial
b. Mesenchymal
c. Mixed
d. Peripheral
30. List the common tumors of the following types:
a. Soft tissue
b. Muscle
c. Vascular
d. Melanin producing
e. Bone and Cartilage
f. Blood and blood forming tissues
g. Metastatic tumors of the jaws
Course Outline:
I. Introduction to the Recognition of Normal and Abnormal Conditions
A. Descriptive Terminology 2
1. Clinical appearance of lesions within soft tissue
2. Soft tissue consistency
3. Color of the lesion
4. Size of the lesion
5. Surface texture
6. Radiographic terms used to describe lesions in bone
B. The Diagnostic Process 1.5
1. Clinical diagnosis
2. Radiographic diagnosis
3. Historical diagnosis
4. Laboratory diagnosis
5. Microscopic diagnosis
6. Surgical diagnosis
7. Therapeutic diagnosis
8. Differential diagnosis
C. Variants of Normal in the Oral Cavity 1
1. Fordyce’s granules
2. Torus palatinus
3. Mandibular tori
4. Melanin pigmentation
5. Retrocuspid papilla
6. Lingual varicosities
7. Linea alba
8. Leukoedema
D. Benign Oral Conditions of Unknown Origin 1
1. Lingual thyroid nodule
2. Fissured tongue
3. Median rhomboid glossitis
4. Geographic tongue
5. Hairy tongue
II. Inflammation and Repair
A. The Inflammatory Process 2
1. Inflammation in general
2. Acute inflammation
a. cardinal signs
b. sequence of events
c. cells involved
d. chemical mediators
e. systemic manifestations
3. Chronic inflammation
4. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
B. Regeneration and Repair 1.5
1. The repair process
C. Physical and Chemical Injuries to Oral Tissues 1.5
1. Injuries to teeth
2. Injuries to soft tissue
3. Reactive connective tissue hyperplasia
III. Immunity
A. The Immune Response 2
B. Antigens . 5
C. Cells involved in the Immune response . 5
1. Lymphocytes
2. Macrophages
D. Major Divisions of the Immune Response 1
1. Humoral response
2. Cell-mediated response
3. Memory
E. Types of Immunity .5
1. Active immunity
2. Passive immunity
F. Hypersensitivity Reactions – allergic reactions 1
1. Types I – IV
2. Hypersensitivity to Drugs
G. Autoimmune Diseases 1
H. Oral Diseases with Immunologic Pathogenesis 1.5
1. Apthous ulcers
2. Urticaria and angioedema
3. Mucositis and dermatitis
4. Fixed drug eruptions
5. Erythema multiform
6. Lichen planus
I. Autoimmune Diseases that Affect the Oral Cavity 1
1. Sjogren’s syndrome
2. Systemic lupus erythematosus
3. pemphigus vulgaris
4. cictricial pemphigoid
5. Bechet’s syndrome
J. Oral Manifestations of Infectious Diseases 2
1. Bacterial infections
2. Fungal infections
3. Viral infections
IV. Developmental Disorders
A. Review of Orofacial Development 1
1. Normal development
B. Abnormal Development 2
1. Soft tissue abnormalities
2. Developmental cysts
V. Genetics
A. Role in Oral Development 3
B. Role in Development of Abnormalities
C. Common Disorders
VI. Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases
A. Endocrine Disorders 2.5
1. Hyperpituitarism
2. Hyperthyroidism
3. Hypothyroidism
4. Hyperparathyroidism
5. Diabetes Mellitus
6. Addison’s Disease
B. Diseases of Bone 1
1. Fibrous dysplasia
2. Paget’s disease of bone
3. Osteomalacia
C. Bleeding disorders .5
1. Hemophilia
D. Blood Disorders 1
1. Anemia
2. Leukemia
E. Immunodeficiencies 2
1. Primary, secondary
2. HIV
F. Manifestations of Oral Cancer Therapies .5
G. Oral Manifestations of Drugs .5
VII. Neoplasia of the Oral Cavity
A. Causes 1
B. Classisfications .5
1. Benign
2. Malignant
C. Names of Tumors .5
D. Treatment of Tumors .5
E. Epithelial Tumors 1.5
1. Tumors of squamous epithelium
2. Pre-malignant lesions
3. Squamous cell carcinomas
F. Salivary Gland Tumors .5
G. Odontogenic Tumors .5
1. Epithelial
2. Mesenchymal
3. Mixed
4. Peripheral
H. Other Tumors Associated with the Oral Cavity 1.5
1. Soft tissue
2. Muscle
3. Vascular
4. Melanin producing
5. Bone and cartilage
6. Blood and blood forming tissues
7. Metastatic tumors of the jaws
Approved for Online and Hybrid Delivery?:
No
Instructional Strategies:
Lecture 80-90%
Discussion 10-30%
Mandatory Course Components:
None
Equivalent Courses:
None
Accepted GRCC Advanced Placement (AP) Exam Credit: None
AP Min. Score: NA
Name of Industry Recognize Credentials: None
Course prepares students to seek the following external certification:
No
Course-Specific Placement Test: None
Course Aligned with ARW/IRW Pairing: NA
Mandatory Department Assessment Measures:
None
Course Type:
Program Requirement- Offering designed to meet the learning needs of students in a specific GRCC program.
Course Format:
Lecture - 1:1
Total Lecture Hours Per Week: 3
People Soft Course ID Number: 104291
Course CIP Code: 51.0601
Maximum Course Enrollment: 32
General Room Request: None
High School Articulation Agreements exist?: No
If yes, with which high schools?: NA
Non-Credit GRCC Articulation Agreement With What Area: No
Identify the Non Credit Programs this Course is Accepted: NA
School: School of Health & Exercise Science
Department: Dental Auxiliaries
Discipline: DHY
Faculty Credential Requirements:
Certification/License Requirement (list below), Master’s Degree (GRCC general requirement), Other (list below), Professionally qualified through work experience in field (Perkins Act or Other) (list below), Program Accreditation Requirement (list below)
Faculty Credential Requirement Details:
Must be a Registered Dental Assistant, Registered Dental Hygienist, or Dentist.
DH CODA Standard 3-7 states: The full time faculty of a dental hygiene program must possess a baccalaureate or higher degree. Part-time faculty providing didactic instruction must have earned at least a baccalaureate degree or be currently enrolled in a baccalaureate degree program. All dental hygiene program faculty members must have: a) current knowledge of the specific subjects they are teaching. b) documented background in current educational methodology concepts consistent with teaching assignments. c) Faculty who are dental hygienists must be graduates of dental hygiene programs accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation.
Master's degree in Education or a related credential is preferred. A minimum of 2 years of related work experience (4,000 hours) is required to satisfy Perkin's Vocational Act requirements.
Major Course Revisions: N/A
Last Revision Date Effective: 20220215T18:41:06
Course Review & Revision Year: 2026-2027
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