BI 122 - Human Anatomy and Physiology II

2. Analyze the major relationships between selected organ systems.

3. Relate the significance of regulatory systems to selected organ systems.

4. Contrast abnormal anatomical and physiological conditions to normal states.

5. Demonstrate an ability to trace a sequence of biological events in a physiological process.

6. Create and/or organize data and information into meaningful patterns in order to interpret and draw inferences from it. 

7. Complete work accurately, with attention to detail. 

     A.  The blood

1.  Introduction

2.  Blood and blood cells

3.  Blood plasma

4.  Hemostasis

5.  Blood types and transfusion

      B.  Cardiovascular system

1.   Introduction

2.   The heart

3.   Regulation of the cardiac cycle

4.   Abnormal heart actions

5.   Blood vessels

6.   Paths of circulation

7.   Arterial system

8.   Venous system

9.   Blood pressure

     C.  Lymphatic system

     1.   Introduction

2.   Lymphatic pathways

3.   Tissue fluid and lymph

4.   Movement of lymph

5.   Lymph nodes

6.   Thymus, spleen, and tonsils

7.   Body defense against infection

8.   Immunity

II.  THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

     A.   Introduction

     B.   Anatomy of the respiratory system

1.   Nose

2.   Nasal cavity

3.   Sinuses

4.   Pharynx

5.   Larynx

6.   Trachea

7.   Bronchial tree

8.   Lungs

     C.   Mechanism of breathing

1.   Inspiration

2.   Expiration

3.   Respiratory air volume

4.   Non-respiratory air movements

5.   Common pulmonary disorders

 D.   Control of breathing

1.   Respiratory centers

2.   Factors affecting breathing

3.   Exercise and breathing rate

     E.   Alveolar gas exchange

1.   The alveoli

2.   Respiratory membrane

     F.   Transport of gases

1.   Oxygen transport

2.   Carbon monoxide

3.   Carbon dioxide transport

III. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

     A.   Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System

1.   Introduction

2.   General characteristics of the alimentary canal

3.   Structures of the digestive system

a.   Mouth

b.   Salivary glands

c.   Sublingual

d.   Pharynx and esophagus

e.   Stomach

f.   Small intestine

g.   Pancreas

h.   Liver

i.   Gallbladder

j.   Large intestines

     B.   Nutrition and Metabolism

1.   Introduction

2.   Nutrients

     C.   Proteins

1.   Source

2.   Utilization

3.   Nitrogen balance

4.   Requirements

     D.   Energy expenditure

1.   Energy values in food

2.   Energy requirements

3.   Energy balance

     E.   Vitamins

1.   Fat soluble

2.   Water soluble

     F.   Minerals

1.   Characteristics

2.   Major minerals

3.   Trace elements

     G.   Adequate diets

1.   Food selection

2.   Malnutrition

IV.  URINARY SYSTEM

     A.  Anatomy and physiology of the urinary system

1.   Introduction

2.   Organs of the system

a.  Kidneys

b.  Ureter

c.  Urinary bladder

d.  Urethra

e.  Micturition

B.  Water and electrolyte balance

1.   Introduction

2.   Distribution of body fluids

3.   Water balance

4.   Electrolyte balance

5.   Disorders in water and electrolyte balance

6.   Acid-base balance

7.  Disorders in acid-base balance

V.   ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

     A.  Introduction

     B.  Hormones and their action

1. Chemistry of hormones

2. Actions of hormones

     C.  Control of hormones secretions

1. Negative and positive feedback systems

2. Nerve control

      D.  Endocrine glands

     1. Pituitary (Hypophysis)

2. Thyroid gland

3. Parathyroid glands

4. Adrenal glands

5. Pancreas

6. Other endocrine glands

E.   Prostaglandins and their hormone-like actions

VI.  REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

     A. Introduction

     B. Male reproductive system

     1. Testis

2. Accessory organs

3. External reproductive organs

4. Hormonal control of male reproductive functions

     C. Female reproductive system

1. Ovaries

2. Accessory organs

3. Hormonal control of female reproductive functions

LABORATORY COMPONENT

It is the intent and design of the laboratory component of this course to be an instructor-facilitated, student-centered, hands-on, activity-based, and inquiry-based learning experience focused upon the study of human cadavers.

BI 122 Laboratory Component Activities

• Cardiovascular System (4 labs) – Presentations on cardiovascular system anatomy and histology with a focus on: blood, heart, and blood vessels. A presentation of the following cardiovascular physiology topics: blood typing, cardiac cycle, blood pressure (systolic vs. diastolic pressure), pulse rate, and ECGs.  Investigation of microscopic anatomy. Identification of gross anatomy with models, cow hearts, and human cadavers, with an emphasis on human cadavers.
• Respiratory System (2 labs) – Presentation on respiratory system anatomy, histology, and physiology. The physiology lab will focus on lung volumes and the effects of ventilation on pH. Investigations of microscopic anatomy. Identification of gross anatomy with models and human cadavers with emphasis upon human cadavers.
• Digestive System (2 labs) - Presentation on digestive system anatomy, histology, and the role of various digestive enzymes. The physiology lab will focus on conducting experiments dealing with the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Investigations of microscopic anatomy. Identification of gross anatomy with models and human cadavers with emphasis upon human cadavers.

• Urinary System (1 lab) – Presentation on urinary system anatomy, histology, and the basic characteristics of urine (e.g., pH, specific gravity, etc.), and abnormal urinary conditions (e.g., hematuria, proteinuria, etc.). Students will also conduct a urinalysis using their own urine and unknown samples provided. Investigations of microscopic anatomy. Identification of gross anatomy with models, sheep kidneys, and human cadavers with emphasis upon human cadavers.
• Reproductive System, Embryonic Development, and Endocrine System (2 labs) – Presentation on reproductive system anatomy, histology, embryonic development anatomy, and endocrine system anatomy. Investigations on microscopic anatomy. Identification of gross anatomy with models and human cadavers with emphasis upon human cadavers.

Lab Component of Course
Lecture: 10-20%
Facilitated Discussion: 10-20%
Mediated Instruction: 10-30%
Group Work: 60-80%
Other: 0-10%

Bonus/Extra Credit: May only be given in the lecture portion of the course and may not exceed 2% of the total possible points of the course.

Unit and final exams in a lecture, online or laboratory course may not be administered in a take-home or online format but shall be administered in the classroom, in a supervised assessment facility (e.g., GRCC Assessment/Testing Center), or utilizing an exam monitoring program/resource that incorporates a lockdown browser and the use of a video monitoring system (e.g., Respondus Lockdown Browser with Monitor) that verifies student identification.

LABORATORY COMPONENT: It is the intent and design of the laboratory component of this course to be an instructor-facilitated, student-centered, hands-on, activity-based, and inquiry-based learning experience. Instructors are expected to follow the objectives and lab supplement(s) developed and adopted by the current team of full-time instructors whose primary teaching load is in BI 121 & BI 122.

I. Essential judgment skills to include: ability to identify, assess, and comprehend scientific observations of the natural world for the purpose of problem solving and coming to appropriate conclusions which include distinguishing between correlation and causation.

II. Essential physical/neurological functions to include: ability to use the senses of seeing, hearing, touch, and smell to make correct observations, judgments, and conclusions regarding the world of biological sciences.  Students must be able to meet physical expectations in order to safely engage in the practice of learning biological science, especially in the laboratory and field settings.  Behaviors that demonstrate essential neurological and physical functions include, but are not limited to observation, listening, understanding relationships, writing, and psychomotor abilities consistent with course and program expectations.  The following are specific courses that may entail significant physical challenges to accomplish:

• Courses at Pierce Cedar Creek Institute and BI 125 :  the outdoor learning environment is sometimes difficult to navigate, it may not be easily accessible or barrier free.

III. Essential communication skills to include: ability to communicate effectively with fellow students, faculty, and all members of the Biological Sciences department. Skills include verbal, written, and nonverbal abilities as well as information technology skills consistent with effective communication.