EXS 202 - Psychosocial Aspects of Physical Education and Sports

2. Define achievement motivation and competitiveness, and indicate why they are important.

3. Define competition and cooperation in sport and exercise settings.

4. Describe, analyze, and evaluate effective coaching/instruction practices for sport, exercise science, and PE.

5. Define character, sports-personship, moral reasoning, and moral behavior.

6. Describe how personality traits influence, and are influenced by, participation in sport and exercise.

7. Analyze and compare the relationships among arousal, stress, and anxiety on sport and exercise performance.

8. Describe the role of exercise in the reduction of anxiety, depression, mood changes, personality, and quality of life.

9. Describe, analyze, and evaluate strategies and guidelines for enhancing adherence to exercise.

10. Describe the role of psychological factors in athletic and exercise injuries, and the stress-injury relationship.

11. Define overtraining, staleness, and burnout.

12. Describe, analyze, and evaluate strategies for addressing anxiety and coping in sport and exercise.

13. Define imagery and describe the factors that influence imagery effectiveness.

14. Define and describe self-confidence and how expectations influence performance as well as common methods for building self-confidence.

15. Describe, analyze, and evaluate the effectiveness and principles of goal setting.

16. Identify the characteristics of the multidimensional model of leadership, and the components of effective leadership.

17. Describe the behavioral strategies to enhance exercise and health behavior change including extrinsic and intrinsic reinforcement.

18. Create a written summary of main ideas extracted from information gathered. 

19. When communicating use language that is appropriate for audience. 

20. Clearly and completely state problem or issue. 

21. Make connection between academic learning at GRCC and knowledge and skills necessary for careers of interest. 

22. Make informed decisions about personal wellness 

23. Consider the context, costs, benefits and consequences of potential solutions to problems or issues. 

A. Welcome to Sport and Exercise Psychology

1. Defining Sport and Exercise Psychology

2. Specializing in Sport Psychology

3. Distinguishing Between Two Specialties

4. Reviewing the History of Sport and Exercise Psychology

5. Focusing on Sport and Exercise Psychology Around the World

6. Bridging Science and Practice

7. Choosing From Many Sport and Exercise Psychology Orientations

8. Understanding Present and Future Trends

9. Learning Aids

II. Learning About Participants

A. Personality and Sport

1. Defining Personality

2. Understanding Personality Structure

3. Studying Personality from Five Viewpoints

4. Measuring Personality

5. Using Psychological Measures

6. Focusing on Personality Research

7. Examining Cognitive Strategies and Success

8. Identifying Your Role in Understanding Personality

9. Learning Aids

B. Motivation

1. Defining Motivation

2. Reviewing Three Approaches to Motivation

3. Building Motivation with Five Guidelines

4. Developing a Realistic View of Motivation

5. Understanding Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness

6. Identifying Four Theories of Achievement Motivation

7. Developing Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness

8. Using Achievement Motivation in Professional Practice

9. Learning Aids

C. Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety

1. Defining Arousal and Anxiety

2. Measuring Arousal and Anxiety

3. Defining Stress and Understanding the Stress Process

4. Identifying Sources of Stress and Anxiety

5. Connecting Arousal and Anxiety to Performance

6. Applying Knowledge to Professional Practice

7. Learning Aids

III. Understanding Sport and Exercise Environments

A. Competition and Cooperation

1. Defining Competition and Cooperation

2. Viewing Competition as a Process

3. Reviewing Studies of Competition and Cooperation

4. Determining Whether Competition Is Good or Bad

5. Enhancing Cooperation

6. Learning Aids

B. Feedback, Reinforcement, and Intrinsic Motivation

1. Principles of Reinforcement

2. Approaches to Influencing Behavior

3. Guidelines for Using Positive Reinforcement

4. Guidelines for Using Punishment

5. Behavior Modification in Sport

6. Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Rewards

7. Cognitive Evaluation Theory

8. How Extrinsic Rewards Affect Intrinsic Motivation in Sport

9. Strategies for Increasing Intrinsic Motivation

10. Flow—A Special Case of Intrinsic Motivation

11. Learning Aids

IV. Focusing on Group Processes

A. Group and Team Dynamics

1. Recognizing the Difference Between Groups and Teams

2. Identifying Three Theories of Group Development

3. Understanding Group Structure

4. Creating an Effective Team Climate

5. Maximizing Individual Performance in Team Sports

6. Learning Aids

B. Group Cohesion

1. Definition of Cohesion

2. Conceptual Model of Cohesion

3. Tools for Measuring Cohesion

4. Relationship Between Cohesion and Performance

5. Other Factors Associated With Cohesion

6. Strategies for Enhancing Cohesion

7. Guidelines for Building Team Cohesion\

8. Learning Aids

C. Leadership

1. Definition of Leadership

2. Approaches to Studying Leadership

3. Sport-Oriented Interactional Approaches to Leadership

4. Research on the Multidimensional Model of Sport Leadership

5. Leadership Training Interventions

6. Four Components of Effective Leadership

7. The Art of Leadership

8. Learning Aids

D. Communication

1. Understanding the Communication Process

2. Sending Messages Effectively

3. Receiving Messages Effectively

4. Recognizing Breakdowns in Communication

5. Improving Communication

6. Dealing With Confrontation

7. Delivering Constructive Criticism

8. Learning Aids

V. Improving Performance

A. Introduction to Psychological Skills Training

1. What Psychological Skills Training Entails

2. Why PST Is Important

3. Why Sport and Exercise Participants Neglect PST

4. Myths About PST

5. PST Knowledge Base

6. PST Effectiveness

7. Three Phases of PST Programs

8. Self-Regulation: The Ultimate Goal of PST

9. Who Should Conduct PST Programs

10. When to Implement a PST Program

11. PST Program Development

12. Common Problems in Implementing PST Programs

13. Learning Aids

B. Arousal Regulation

1. Increasing Self-Awareness of Arousal

2. Using Anxiety Reduction Techniques

3. Exploring the Matching Hypothesis

4. Coping With Adversity

5. Using Arousal-Inducing Techniques

6. Learning Aids

C. Imagery

1. Defining Imagery

2. Evidence of Imagery’s Effectiveness

3. Imagery in Sport: Where, When, Why, and What

4. Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Imagery

5. How Imagery Works

6. Uses of Imagery

7. Keys to Effective Imagery

8. How to Develop an Imagery Training Program

9. When to Use Imagery

10. Learning Aids

D. Self-Confidence

1. Defining Self-Confidence

2. Understanding How Expectations Influence Performance

3. Examining Self-Efficacy Theory

4. Assessing Self-Confidence

5. Building Self-Confidence

6. Learning Aids

E. Goal Setting

1. Definition of Goals

2. Effectiveness of Goal Setting

3. Principles of Goal Setting

4. Development of Group Goals

5. Design of a Goal-Setting System

6. Common Problems in Goal Setting

7. Learning Aids

F. Concentration

1. Defining Concentration

2. Explaining Attentional Focus: Three Processes

3. Connecting Concentration to Optimal Performance

4. Identifying Types of Attentional Focus

5. Recognizing Attentional Problems

6. Using Self-Talk to Enhance Concentration

7. Assessing Attentional Skills

8. Improving Concentration

9. Future Developments in Concentration Training

10. Learning Aids

VI. Enhancing Health and Well-Being

A. Exercise and Psychological Well-Being

1. Reducing Anxiety and Depression With Exercise

2. Understanding the Effect of Exercise on Psychological Well-Being

3. Changing Personality and Cognitive Functioning With Exercise

4. Enhancing Quality of Life With Exercise

5. Examining the Runner’s High

6. Using Exercise as an Adjunct to Therapy

7. Learning Aids

B. Exercise Behavior and Adherence

1. Reasons to Exercise

2. Reasons for Not Exercising

3. Problem of Exercise Adherence

4. Theories and Models of Exercise Behavior

5. Determinants of Exercise Adherence

6. Settings for Exercise Interventions

7. Strategies for Enhancing Adherence to Exercise

8. Guidelines for Improving Exercise Adherence

9. Learning Aids

C. Athletic Injuries and Psychology

1. What Is Injury?

2. Causes of Injuries

3. Relationship Between Stress and Injury

4. Other Psychologically Based Explanations for Injury

5. Psychological Reactions to Exercise and Athletic Injuries

6. Role of Sport Psychology in Injury Rehabilitation

7. Identify Athletes and Exercisers Who Are at Risk for Injury

8. Learning Aids

D. Addictive and Unhealthy Behaviors

1. Eating Disorders

2. Substance Abuse

3. Addiction to Exercise

4. Compulsive Gambling: An Odds-On Favorite for Trouble

5. Learning Aids

E. Burnout and Overtraining

1. Definitions of Overtraining, Staleness, and Burnout

2. Frequency of Overtraining, Staleness, and Burnout

3. Models of Burnout

4. Factors Leading to Athlete Overtraining and Burnout

5. Symptoms of Overtraining and Burnout

6. Ways to Measure Burnout

7. Burnout in Sport Professionals

8. Treatment and Prevention of Burnout

9. Learning Aids

VII. Facilitating Psychological Growth and Development

A. Children and Sport Psychology

1. Importance of Studying the Psychology of Young Athletes

2. Children’s Reasons for Participation and Nonparticipation

3. Role of Friends in Youth Sport

4. Stress and Burnout in Children’s Competitive Sport

5. Effective Coaching Practices for Young Athletes

6. Role of Parents

7. The Professionalization of Children’s Sports

8. Learning Aids

B. Aggression in Sport

1. Defining Aggression

2. Understanding the Causes of Aggression

3. Examining Aggression in Sport: Special Considerations

4. Applying Knowledge to Professional Practice

5. Learning Aids

C. Character Development and Good Sporting Behavior

1. Defining Character, Fair Play, and Good Sporting Behavior

2. Developing Character and Good Sporting Behavior: Three Approaches

3. Examining Moral Development Research

4. Understanding the Connection Between Moral Reasoning and Moral

5. Behavior

6. Studying the Connection Between Character Development and

7. Physical Activity

8. Guiding Practice in Character Development

9. Learning Aids

Lab Observations/Assessments: 30%